Have been randomised into the mask arm (n=123) or the control arm (n=122). The mask arm had on average two.5 household contacts per index case (n=302), although the manage arm had two.four household contacts per index case (n=295). Qualities of index instances and household members are presented in table 1. There was no substantial distinction involving arms, and most qualities, such as medication use (information not PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331531 shown), have been usually equivalent. Viruses had been isolated from 60 (146245) of index instances. Influenza was by far the most common virus isolated from 115 (47 ) cases–influenza A–100, influenza B– 11 and influenza A and B–4. Other viruses isolated from index cases were rhinovirus,13 NL6311 and C229E.7 Much more than one Ogerin Epigenetics particular virus was isolated in 48 (20 ) index situations, like 17 coinfections with influenza. Table two shows the intention-to-treat evaluation. CRI was reported in 4 (1.911000 person-days) household members in the mask arm, compared with six household members (2.951000 person-days) in the control arm (RR 0.65, 95 CI 0.18 to two.29). Only one particular case (0.481000 person-days) of ILI was reported inside the mask arm, compared with three cases (1.471000 person-days) in the manage arm (RR 0.32, 95 CI 0.03 to 3.11). Two laboratory-confirmed infections were identified among symptomatic household members from a separate household. A single household member had the exact same infection (influenza H1N1) as the respective index case. Rhinovirus was isolated from a further household member.Table 1 Demographic along with other characteristics with the index circumstances and household members Variable Index case (number) Gender (male) Age (imply) Education (undergraduatepostgraduate) Smoker (currentex) Pre-existing illness Influenza vaccination 
(yes) Hand washing (mostall times) Typical hour of dwelling remain Typical hour mask wearing Household (members) Number of household per arm Gender (male) Influenza vaccination (yes) Age (mean) Mask arm ( and 95 CI) 123 56123 45.5 (37.0 to 54.3 ) 40.two (37.6 to 42.eight) 78123 63.four (54.6 to 71.four ) 29123 23.6 (16.9 to 31.8 ) 21123 17.1 (16.two to 31.0 ) 5123 4.1 (1.7 to 9.two ) 98123 79.7 (71.7 to 85.8 ) 16.6 (15.9 to 17.three) four.4 (three.9 to four.9) 302 two.five 149302 49.3 (43.4 to 24.6 ) 22298 7.4 (four.9 to ten.9 ) 38.3 (36.0 to 40.5) Handle arm ( and 95 CI) 122 45122 36.9 (28.8 to 45.7 ) 39.7 (37.3 to 42.0) 74122 60.7 (51.8 to 68.9 ) 26122 21.3 (15.0 to 29.four ) 16122 13.1 (8.two to 20.2 ) 5122 four.1 (1.eight to 9.2 ) 109122 89.3 (82.six to 93.7 ) 16.6 (15.9 to 17.3) 1.four (0.9 to 1.eight) 295 2.four 168295 56.9 (51.6 to 62.9 ) 30285 10.five (7.1 to 14.six ) 36.four (34.1 to 38.eight)Incorporates asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, ischaemic heart illness, immune-compromised and other people. Variable was designed by taking average hours more than the trial period. Missing data for 14 circumstances.MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;6:e012330. doi:ten.1136bmjopen-2016-MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;six:e012330. doi:ten.1136bmjopen-2016-Table two Quantity and proportion of household members reporting primary outcomes, by randomisation arm and intention-to-treat analysis (n=597) Laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections No (price person-days) 0.32 (0.03 to three.11) Ref 12098 (0.481000) 12036 (0.491000)CRI No (price person-days) RR (95 CI) Mask arm Handle arm 42098 (1.911000) 62036 (2.951000)ILI No (rate person-days)RR (95 CI) 0.97 (0.06 to 15.five) Ref0.65 (0.18 to two.29) 12098 (0.481000) Ref 32036 (1.471000)Household members (mask arm 302 and manage arm 295). Intracluster correlation.