Arch, consensus building, or guideline development. Our review of e-health research ethics has limitations. First, our examples are from pain management research. Although the content of the research is specific to pediatric pain, we believe the processes described earlier are transferable to different populations in pediatric psychology research. Second, the guidelines presented here will need to be regularly revisited as technology and the field of e-health research develop. Some areas of guidance have not been tested. In the studies reviewed to date, there were no or few events (e.g., disclosure of extreme distress, suicidal ideation, or bullying) that required the carefully planned ethical protocols to be used. Third, this guidance is written from a researcher perspective. Future studies could addressparticipant views of the ethical processes and outcomes involved in e-health research. Researchers typically undertake e-health investigations for the benefit of current and future children trying to influence their lives for the better. In the pursuit of understanding through research, psychologists have a primary duty not to harm participants or transgress their rights. E-health provides a new environment for research with either novel or atypical versions of known ethical questions. We encourage further debate and ultimately the provision of more extensive ethical guidance that can cope with new electronic media and health research with children and young people.FundingThis work was partially funded by K24HD060068 and R01HD062538 awarded to the third author, and by a grant from the Annett Trust UK awarded to the final author. Conflict of interest: None declared.
HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscriptJ Soc Serv Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 February 25.Published in final edited form as: J Soc Serv Res. 2016 ; 42(1): 26?0. doi:10.1080/01488376.2015.1077187.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptKinship foster care among African American youth: Interaction effects at multiple contextual levelsAnne K. Rufa, MA and DePaul University, Psychology, 2219 N. Kenmore Ave., Chicago, IL 60614, ([email protected]) Patrick J. Fowler George AZD4547 site Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA ([email protected])AbstractThis study investigated the effects of kinship foster care on mental health outcomes among African American youth. Longitudinal data were used from a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents who were the subject of child protective services investigation from 1999 to 2000 (n=5,501). The secondary analyses focused on African American youth (n=225) placed into foster care. In structured PF-04418948MedChemExpress PF-04418948 interviews, current caregivers reported on youth internalizing and externalizing behaviors immediately following placement into out-of-home care and 18-months later. Path analysis tested a theoretical model that compared placements with kin to other formal out-of-home arrangements in context of setting characteristics, including aspects of caregiver and neighborhood disorder. Results suggested significant increases in internalizing symptoms over time for youth with more baseline mental health problems, as well as those placed in more distressed neighborhoods. Increased externalizing symptoms occurred among youth with greater baseline behavior problems, those placed in more problematic neighborhoods, and youth who experienced a placement change between ass.Arch, consensus building, or guideline development. Our review of e-health research ethics has limitations. First, our examples are from pain management research. Although the content of the research is specific to pediatric pain, we believe the processes described earlier are transferable to different populations in pediatric psychology research. Second, the guidelines presented here will need to be regularly revisited as technology and the field of e-health research develop. Some areas of guidance have not been tested. In the studies reviewed to date, there were no or few events (e.g., disclosure of extreme distress, suicidal ideation, or bullying) that required the carefully planned ethical protocols to be used. Third, this guidance is written from a researcher perspective. Future studies could addressparticipant views of the ethical processes and outcomes involved in e-health research. Researchers typically undertake e-health investigations for the benefit of current and future children trying to influence their lives for the better. In the pursuit of understanding through research, psychologists have a primary duty not to harm participants or transgress their rights. E-health provides a new environment for research with either novel or atypical versions of known ethical questions. We encourage further debate and ultimately the provision of more extensive ethical guidance that can cope with new electronic media and health research with children and young people.FundingThis work was partially funded by K24HD060068 and R01HD062538 awarded to the third author, and by a grant from the Annett Trust UK awarded to the final author. Conflict of interest: None declared.
HHS Public AccessAuthor manuscriptJ Soc Serv Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 February 25.Published in final edited form as: J Soc Serv Res. 2016 ; 42(1): 26?0. doi:10.1080/01488376.2015.1077187.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptKinship foster care among African American youth: Interaction effects at multiple contextual levelsAnne K. Rufa, MA and DePaul University, Psychology, 2219 N. Kenmore Ave., Chicago, IL 60614, ([email protected]) Patrick J. Fowler George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA ([email protected])AbstractThis study investigated the effects of kinship foster care on mental health outcomes among African American youth. Longitudinal data were used from a nationally representative sample of children and adolescents who were the subject of child protective services investigation from 1999 to 2000 (n=5,501). The secondary analyses focused on African American youth (n=225) placed into foster care. In structured interviews, current caregivers reported on youth internalizing and externalizing behaviors immediately following placement into out-of-home care and 18-months later. Path analysis tested a theoretical model that compared placements with kin to other formal out-of-home arrangements in context of setting characteristics, including aspects of caregiver and neighborhood disorder. Results suggested significant increases in internalizing symptoms over time for youth with more baseline mental health problems, as well as those placed in more distressed neighborhoods. Increased externalizing symptoms occurred among youth with greater baseline behavior problems, those placed in more problematic neighborhoods, and youth who experienced a placement change between ass.