Sed. Of his new infraspecific taxa, Paepalanthus karstenii f. corei was mentioned to differ from that species by the peduncles only 1 cm in length, and P. karstenii var. minimus by each leaves and peduncles shorter. The kind of the former is actually P. dendroides, although Moldenke most typically applied the name to P. pilosus and P. caryonauta. Paepalanthus espinosianus and P. loxensis had been very first treated in synonymy of P. pilosus by Le -Y ez and Hensold (1999), and P. subsessilis by Hensold (2008). Paepalanthus selaginoides was initially placed in synonymy of P. pilosus by Ruhland (1903) and is clearly closest to that species, but represents the only record of the species from the Central Cordillera of Colombia. Pending closer examination with the type, its placement here is provisional. Discussion. Paepalanthus pilosus in Peru and southern Ecuador is characterized by the typically dwarf flowering peduncles with capitula subsessile at anthesis, as well as the outer involucral bracts greenish or having a green midvein and frequently longer than wide. Within this area, soft hirsutulous pubescence of your upper leaf surface close to the apex, comparable to that discovered in P. dendroides, is prevalent. From Costa Rica to Colombia and Venezuela, long robust scattered cilia along the distal margin are frequent and diagnostic once they happen (therefore the species epithet; cf. Fig. 2D), but rare in our region. These cilia can normally be detected even in older glabrate leaves as a consequence of the persistent enlarged basal cells. From P. dendroides, P. pilosus may possibly also be distinguished by the reasonably narrow elliptic to oblanceolate petals, plus the prominent dark rigid nectaries; and from P. caryonauta by the typically bigger capitula, the sharply acute to aristate leaf ideas, and (inside the typical range) by the form of the fruiting calyx. (See Table 1.) Habit varies from a dense compact mat pressed horizontally by collectors (as within the kind of P. espinosianus Moldenke), to a rounded cushion with branch lengths of some centimeters, pressed and mounted vertically (as within the form of P. loxensis Moldenke) The superficial distinction in aspect of those two types triggered Moldenke to ally the former species with P. karstenii, however the latter species with P. glaziovii Ruhland (subsect. Dichocladus). This character nearly undoubtedly varies in response to habitat, as Heilborn (1925) noted inside the vegetatively related species Plantago rigida Kunth, which types rounded cushions on wet web sites and flat mats on drier websites. Leaves may perhaps be ascending to strongly buy BAPTA reflexed and appressed for the ground, the latter possibly a response to drier or sunnier circumstances. An example are the collections Hernandez-Schmidt 1330 and 1432 in the identical locality in Cundinamarca, the former reported on rocks in full sun, with leaves reflexed close to ground, the latter on saturated soil, with leaves erect. Peduncle length is very variable, as already noted by Ruhland (1903), but considerably of this variation might be developmental. Actively flowering capitula are usually borne on peduncles only a number of millimeters extended, barely emergent from the sheath, and in-The Andean Paepalanthus pilosus complex (Eriocaulaceae): a revision PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106880 with 3 new taxavested by the sharp cuspidate ideas of subtending foliage leaves. Dramatic peduncle elongation typically occurs later in fruit, as shown by specimens bearing each subsessile flowering capitula at stem ideas, and fruiting capitula lower around the stem on peduncles as much as ten occasions as extended (e.g., Larsen 237, Fig. 11D). The de.