D Y.-H.L.; project administration, Y.-D.W.; funding acquisition
D Y.-H.L.; project administration, Y.-D.W.; funding acquisition, Y.-H.L. All authors have study and agreed for the published version of your manuscript. Funding: This research was funded by the Thromboxane B2 Purity & Documentation National Taiwan University of Science and Technology– Taipei Medical University Joint Investigation Plan beneath the project “The style of musical canter algorithm based on deep learning” (Grant No. NTUST-TMU-110-02). Institutional Critique Board Statement: Not applicable. Informed Consent Statement: Not applicable. Information Availability Statement: Not applicable. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
biosensorsArticleSilicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor as Label-Free Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Proteins with Opposite Net ChargesSuh Kuan Yong 1 , Shang-Kai Shen 2 , Chia-Wei Chiang two , Ying-Ya Weng 2 , Ming-Pei Lu 3, and Yuh-Shyong Yang 1, Department of Biological Science and Technologies, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; [email protected] Institute of AS-0141 Cell Cycle/DNA Damage biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; [email protected] (S.-K.S.); [email protected] (C.-W.C.); [email protected] (Y.-Y.W.) Taiwan Semiconductor Research Institute, National Applied Investigation Laboratories, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan Correspondence: [email protected] (M.-P.L.); [email protected] (Y.-S.Y.)Citation: Yong, S.K.; Shen, S.-K.; Chiang, C.-W.; Weng, Y.-Y.; Lu, M.-P.; Yang, Y.-S. Silicon Nanowire Field-Effect Transistor as Label-Free Detection of Hepatitis B Virus Proteins with Opposite Net Charges. Biosensors 2021, 11, 442. https:// doi.org/10.3390/bios11110442 Received: 17 September 2021 Accepted: four November 2021 Published: 10 NovemberAbstract: The prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be a international healthcare threat, particularly chronic hepatitis B (CHB) that could lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) really should not be neglected. While several sorts of HBV diagnosis detection methods are out there, some technical challenges, including the high expense or lack of practical feasibility, ought to be overcome. In this study, the polycrystalline silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (pSiNWFETs) had been fabricated by means of industrial procedure technologies and after that chemically functionalized for sensing hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) in the femto-molar level. These two proteins have been recommended to be associated with the HCC development, even though the former can also be the hallmark for HBV diagnosis, plus the latter is definitely an RNA-binding protein. Interestingly, these two proteins carried opposite net charges, which could serve as complementary candidates for evaluating the chargebased sensing mechanism in the pSiNWFET. The measurements on the threshold voltage shifts of pSiNWFETs showed a consistent correspondence towards the polarity in the charges around the proteins studied. We believe that this report can pave the way towards developing an approachable tool for biomedical applications. Search phrases: hepatitis B virus; hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg); hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx); chronic hepatitis B (CHB); hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); biomarker; protein rotein interaction; biosensor; silicon field-effect transistor (SiNWFET); polycrystalline silicon field-effect transistor (pSiNWFET)Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.1. Introduction Hepatitis B vir.