gulate pathogenicity in several phytopathogenic fungi (Sun et al., 2020). In U. virens, MAPK ALK4 Inhibitor Storage & Stability proteins UvHog1, UvCDC2, UvSLT2 and UvPmk1 have conserved roles in regulating pressure responses, hyphal growth, and secondary metabolism, along with the final 3 proteins were additional confirmed to be linked with pathogenicity experimentally (Zheng et al., 2016; Liang et al., 2018; Tang et al., 2019). cAMP signaling pathwayrelated proteins, cyclase-associated proteins UvCAP1, adenylate cyclase UvAc1 and phosphodiesterase UvPdeH also involved in regulating the intracellular Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level, development, and pathogenicity of U. virens (Guo et al., 2019; Cao et al., 2021). The “pears and lemons” protein UvPal1 physically interacted with UvCdc11 to mediate the septin complex to preserve the cellular morphology and virulence of U. virens (Chen et al., 2020b). Putative phosphatase UvPsr1 and UvAtg8-mediated autophagy had been also essential for mycelial growth, conidiation, tension response and pathogenicity (Meng et al., 2020; Xiong et al., 2020). These outcomes supply a vital theoretical basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms of U. virens. On the other hand, regardless of these substantial advances, due to its slow growth price along with the difficulty of pathogenicity detection, understanding in the unique pathogenic mechanism of U. virens in rice continues to be pretty PDE4 Compound restricted and needs to be additional experimentally verified. The SUN protein household is derived from four homologous genes SIM1, UTH1, NCA3 and SUN4 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Firon et al., 2007). It really is a one of a kind protein household in ascomycetes. The C-terminal of SUN protein has a hugely conserved sequence of 258 amino acids (SUN domain, pfam03856), which contains a Cys-X5 -Cys-X3 -Cys-X24 -Cys motif. As outlined by the number of amino acids involving the third and fourth cysteines in the conserved motif, SUN protein could be divided into two groups, namely Group-I with 24 amino acids between the two cysteines and Group-II with various insertions in between these two cysteines (Firon et al., 2007). Up to now, the SUN proteins which have been found and studied are primarily in yeast, involving in nDNA replication, cell septation, cell wall morphogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, stress response, aging processes and other physiological activities (Hiller et al., 2007; Ritch et al., 2010; Sorgo et al., 2013). Candida albicans sun41p has also been confirmed to become linked with pathogenicity (Hiller et al., 2007; Firon et al., 2007; Sorgo et al., 2013). In filamentous fungi, to our understanding, two Group-I SUN family members proteins have already been experimentally studied. AfSUN1 from Aspergillus fumigatus, the causal agent of aspergillosis in humans, was reported to be involved in fungal morphogenesis(Gastebois et al., 2013). In addition, Gastebois et al. (2013) studied the biochemical characteristics of A. fumigatus Afsun1p and Candida albicans Sun41p, displaying that they can specifically hydrolyze straight chain -(1, 3)-glucan, and represents a new glucan hydrolase household (GH132). BcSUN1, which contains a signal peptide for secretion and potentially hyper-O-glycosylated regions, is involved in maintaining the structure on the cell wall, the extracellular matrix and also the pathogenesis in Botrytis cinerea, a necrotrophic plant fungal pathogen (Gonz ez et al., 2012; P ezHern dez et al., 2017). In addition, functions on the Group-II SUN loved ones proteins in filamentous fungi are unique. Deletion of AfSUN2 in a. fumigatus