Had been randomised into the mask arm (n=123) or the handle arm (n=122). The mask arm had on typical 2.five household contacts per index case (n=302), though the manage arm had two.4 household contacts per index case (n=295). Characteristics of index circumstances and household members are presented in table 1. There was no important difference among arms, and most characteristics, such as medication use (data not PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331531 shown), were commonly equivalent. Viruses had been isolated from 60 (146245) of index instances. Influenza was one of the most prevalent virus isolated from 115 (47 ) cases–influenza A–100, influenza B– 11 and influenza A and B–4. Other viruses isolated from index cases had been rhinovirus,13 NL6311 and C229E.7 Extra than one virus was isolated in 48 (20 ) index cases, such as 17 coinfections with influenza. Table 2 shows the intention-to-treat evaluation. CRI was reported in four (1.911000 person-days) household members in the mask arm, compared with six household members (2.951000 person-days) get DFMTI within the control arm (RR 0.65, 95 CI 0.18 to two.29). Only one case (0.481000 person-days) of ILI was reported within the mask arm, compared with 3 instances (1.471000 person-days) in the handle arm (RR 0.32, 95 CI 0.03 to three.11). Two laboratory-confirmed infections have been identified amongst symptomatic household members from a separate household. One particular household member had the exact same infection (influenza H1N1) because the respective index case. Rhinovirus was isolated from yet another household member.Table 1 Demographic along with other characteristics in the index instances and household members Variable Index case (quantity) Gender (male) Age (imply) Education (undergraduatepostgraduate) Smoker (currentex) Pre-existing illness Influenza vaccination (yes) Hand washing (mostall instances) Typical hour of home remain Average hour mask wearing Household (members) Quantity of household per arm Gender (male) Influenza vaccination (yes) Age (imply) Mask arm ( and 95 CI) 123 56123 45.five (37.0 to 54.3 ) 40.two (37.six to 42.eight) 78123 63.4 (54.six to 71.four ) 29123 23.six (16.9 to 31.8 ) 21123 17.1 (16.two to 31.0 ) 5123 4.1 (1.7 to 9.2 ) 98123 79.7 (71.7 to 85.eight ) 16.6 (15.9 to 17.three) four.four (3.9 to four.9) 302 two.five 149302 49.3 (43.four to 24.6 ) 22298 7.four (4.9 to 10.9 ) 38.3 (36.0 to 40.5) Manage arm ( and 95 CI) 122 45122 36.9 (28.eight to 45.7 ) 39.7 (37.3 to 42.0) 74122 60.7 (51.8 to 68.9 ) 26122 21.3 (15.0 to 29.four ) 16122 13.1 (eight.2 to 20.2 ) 5122 four.1 (1.8 to 9.2 ) 109122 89.three (82.6 to 93.7 ) 16.six (15.9 to 17.3) 1.4 (0.9 to 1.8) 295 2.four 168295 56.9 (51.six to 62.9 ) 30285 ten.5 (7.1 to 14.six ) 36.four (34.1 to 38.8)Includes asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, ischaemic heart illness, immune-compromised and other people. Variable was designed by taking typical hours over the trial period. Missing information for 14 situations.MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;6:e012330. doi:ten.1136bmjopen-2016-MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;6:e012330. doi:10.1136bmjopen-2016-Table 2 Quantity and proportion of household members reporting primary outcomes, by randomisation arm and intention-to-treat evaluation (n=597) Laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections No (price person-days) 0.32 (0.03 to 3.11) Ref 12098 (0.481000) 12036 (0.491000)CRI No (rate person-days) RR (95 CI) Mask arm Manage arm 42098 (1.911000) 62036 (2.951000)ILI No (rate person-days)RR (95 CI) 0.97 (0.06 to 15.5) Ref0.65 (0.18 to two.29) 12098 (0.481000) Ref 32036 (1.471000)Household members (mask arm 302 and handle arm 295). Intracluster correlation.