Were randomised in to the mask arm (n=123) or the control arm (n=122). The mask arm had on typical 2.5 household contacts per index case (n=302), while the manage arm had 2.four household contacts per index case (n=295). Characteristics of index situations and household members are presented in table 1. There was no important distinction between arms, and most characteristics, such as medication use (information not PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21331531 shown), have been generally similar. Viruses were isolated from 60 (146245) of index circumstances. Influenza was by far the most typical virus isolated from 115 (47 ) cases–influenza A–100, influenza B– 11 and influenza A and B–4. Other viruses isolated from index circumstances were rhinovirus,13 NL6311 and C229E.7 Extra than one particular virus was isolated in 48 (20 ) index instances, which includes 17 coinfections with influenza. Table two shows the intention-to-treat evaluation. CRI was reported in 4 (1.911000 person-days) household members within the mask arm, compared with six household members (2.951000 person-days) within the handle arm (RR 0.65, 95 CI 0.18 to 2.29). Only one case (0.481000 person-days) of ILI was reported within the mask arm, compared with 3 circumstances (1.471000 person-days) within the handle arm (RR 0.32, 95 CI 0.03 to 3.11). Two laboratory-confirmed infections were identified amongst symptomatic household members from a separate household. 1 household member had the identical infection (influenza H1N1) because the respective index case. G-5555 Rhinovirus was isolated from yet another household member.Table 1 Demographic as well as other qualities of your index instances and household members Variable Index case (quantity) Gender (male) Age (mean) Education (undergraduatepostgraduate) Smoker (currentex) Pre-existing illness Influenza vaccination (yes) Hand washing (mostall times) Typical hour of home stay Typical hour mask wearing Household (members) Number of household per arm Gender (male) Influenza vaccination (yes) Age (imply) Mask arm ( and 95 CI) 123 56123 45.5 (37.0 to 54.3 ) 40.two (37.6 to 42.eight) 78123 63.4 (54.six to 71.four ) 29123 23.6 (16.9 to 31.eight ) 21123 17.1 (16.2 to 31.0 ) 5123 four.1 (1.7 to 9.two ) 98123 79.7 (71.7 to 85.8 ) 16.6 (15.9 to 17.three) 4.four (3.9 to four.9) 302 2.five 149302 49.3 (43.four to 24.6 ) 22298 7.4 (4.9 to 10.9 ) 38.three (36.0 to 40.five) Handle arm ( and 95 CI) 122 45122 36.9 (28.eight to 45.7 ) 39.7 (37.three to 42.0) 74122 60.7 (51.8 to 68.9 ) 26122 21.three (15.0 to 29.four ) 16122 13.1 (8.2 to 20.2 ) 5122 four.1 (1.eight to 9.two ) 109122 89.three (82.6 to 
93.7 ) 16.six (15.9 to 17.3) 1.4 (0.9 to 1.eight) 295 two.4 168295 56.9 (51.six to 62.9 ) 30285 ten.5 (7.1 to 14.6 ) 36.four (34.1 to 38.eight)Contains asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, ischaemic heart illness, immune-compromised and others. Variable was produced by taking typical hours over the trial period. Missing information for 14 instances.MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;six:e012330. doi:10.1136bmjopen-2016-MacIntyre CR, et al. BMJ Open 2016;six:e012330. doi:ten.1136bmjopen-2016-Table two Number and proportion of household members reporting key outcomes, by randomisation arm and intention-to-treat analysis (n=597) Laboratory-confirmed viral respiratory infections No (price person-days) 0.32 (0.03 to 3.11) Ref 12098 (0.481000) 12036 (0.491000)CRI No (rate person-days) RR (95 CI) Mask arm Control arm 42098 (1.911000) 62036 (2.951000)ILI No (price person-days)RR (95 CI) 0.97 (0.06 to 15.5) Ref0.65 (0.18 to 2.29) 12098 (0.481000) Ref 32036 (1.471000)Household members (mask arm 302 and control arm 295). Intracluster correlation.