E attachment relationship provides the context for the development of the capacity to mentalize. Fonagy et al. (1995) suggest that secure parents are better able to help their children regulate their affect and thus secure parents foster their children’s security. This secure base is thought to provide the foundation for the development of children’s own RF and subsequently their capacity for the development of secure relationships with others; it is in this way that RF is transmitted intergenerationally (Fonagy et al., 1995). Uses of the Concept The application of parental RF is predominantly found in programs aimed at helping parents become more sensitive and attuned parents. These programs began in the early 2000’s about a Ro4402257 price decade after the introduction of the concept of reflective functioning. A review of programs utilizing the concept of parental RF resulted in the following list: Minding the Baby?(Ordway et al., 2014; Sadler et al., 2013; Slade, Sadler, Mayes, 2005), Mindful Parenting (Reynolds, 2003), the Mothers and Toddlers Program (Suchman et al., 2010), Short-term Mentalizing and Relational Therapy (SMART) (Fearon et al., 2006), Reflective Parenting Program (Grienenberger, Denham, Reynolds, in press), and New Beginnings (Baradon, Fonagy, Bland, Lenard, Sleed, 2008) (Table 1). The foundation of these parenting intervention programs is the belief that enhancing parents’ capacity for RF as a way of understanding their children’s mental states, aids in developing healthy parent-child relationships throughout the developmental trajectory of their relationships. Among the six identified programs, three have been evaluated empirically. Minding the Baby?(MTB) has been in place since 2002 and pilot findings have begun to demonstrate positive outcomes in maternal RF, parent-child relationships, infant attachment, and maternal life-course outcomes among young first-time mothers who struggle with poverty, ML390 web histories of trauma, and few social supports (Sadler, Slade, Mayes, 2006; Sadler et al., 2013; Slade, Sadler, et al., 2005). In this study, the highest risk mothers (those with less education and the lowest levels of RF at intake) showed a significant increase in RF over the course of the intervention. In a recent follow-up study, mothers who participated in the MTB program reported significantly fewer behavior problems in their children 1? years post-intervention (Ordway et al., 2014). In England, researchers conducting the New Beginnings cluster randomized trial have reported that parental RF decreased over time among the control group mothers and not among the intervention mothers (Sleed, Baradon, Fonagy, 2013). The Mothers and Toddlers Program (MTP) has resulted in an increased capacity for parental RF, higher caregiving sensitivity, and better caregiving behavior among the drug-abusing mothers involved in the program (Suchman, DeCoste, Ordway, Mayes, 2012; Suchman et al., 2010). Pajulo and colleagues (2012) in Finland have alsoNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptJ Clin Nurs. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 December 01.Ordway et al.Pagefocused on enhancing parental RF as a way to mitigate the effects of parental drug use on the parent-child relationship.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptElements of Definition There were seven elements of RF that emerged from the content analysis of the parental RF literature reviewed (Figure 1). All of.E attachment relationship provides the context for the development of the capacity to mentalize. Fonagy et al. (1995) suggest that secure parents are better able to help their children regulate their affect and thus secure parents foster their children’s security. This secure base is thought to provide the foundation for the development of children’s own RF and subsequently their capacity for the development of secure relationships with others; it is in this way that RF is transmitted intergenerationally (Fonagy et al., 1995). Uses of the Concept The application of parental RF is predominantly found in programs aimed at helping parents become more sensitive and attuned parents. These programs began in the early 2000’s about a decade after the introduction of the concept of reflective functioning. A review of programs utilizing the concept of parental RF resulted in the following list: Minding the Baby?(Ordway et al., 2014; Sadler et al., 2013; Slade, Sadler, Mayes, 2005), Mindful Parenting (Reynolds, 2003), the Mothers and Toddlers Program (Suchman et al., 2010), Short-term Mentalizing and Relational Therapy (SMART) (Fearon et al., 2006), Reflective Parenting Program (Grienenberger, Denham, Reynolds, in press), and New Beginnings (Baradon, Fonagy, Bland, Lenard, Sleed, 2008) (Table 1). The foundation of these parenting intervention programs is the belief that enhancing parents’ capacity for RF as a way of understanding their children’s mental states, aids in developing healthy parent-child relationships throughout the developmental trajectory of their relationships. Among the six identified programs, three have been evaluated empirically. Minding the Baby?(MTB) has been in place since 2002 and pilot findings have begun to demonstrate positive outcomes in maternal RF, parent-child relationships, infant attachment, and maternal life-course outcomes among young first-time mothers who struggle with poverty, histories of trauma, and few social supports (Sadler, Slade, Mayes, 2006; Sadler et al., 2013; Slade, Sadler, et al., 2005). In this study, the highest risk mothers (those with less education and the lowest levels of RF at intake) showed a significant increase in RF over the course of the intervention. In a recent follow-up study, mothers who participated in the MTB program reported significantly fewer behavior problems in their children 1? years post-intervention (Ordway et al., 2014). In England, researchers conducting the New Beginnings cluster randomized trial have reported that parental RF decreased over time among the control group mothers and not among the intervention mothers (Sleed, Baradon, Fonagy, 2013). The Mothers and Toddlers Program (MTP) has resulted in an increased capacity for parental RF, higher caregiving sensitivity, and better caregiving behavior among the drug-abusing mothers involved in the program (Suchman, DeCoste, Ordway, Mayes, 2012; Suchman et al., 2010). Pajulo and colleagues (2012) in Finland have alsoNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptJ Clin Nurs. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2015 December 01.Ordway et al.Pagefocused on enhancing parental RF as a way to mitigate the effects of parental drug use on the parent-child relationship.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptElements of Definition There were seven elements of RF that emerged from the content analysis of the parental RF literature reviewed (Figure 1). All of.