The info are introduced as imply SD from a few assays. Two-way ANOVA evaluation was done to figure out the significance of the difference in between numerous treatment FIIN-2 method teams ( p<0.05, p<0.01).Fig 7. Evaluation of expression level of cytokines VEGF and TGF- by ELISA. The data are presented as mean SD from three assays. Two-way ANOVA analysis was performed to determine the significance of the difference between various treatment groups ( p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001).that subconjunctival injection of MSCs in combination with topical application of polysaccharide hydrogel is more efficient for the treatment of corneal alkali burns. With a cutaneous trauma mouse model, Luo et al. found that Hardy Orchid polysaccharide controlled the inflammatory responses and accelerated the wound closure [16]. Diao et al. reported that Hardy Orchid polysaccharide modulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines including NO, TNF-, and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1) in a murine macrophage-like cell line [17]. In the current study, application of polysaccharide effectively decreased the expression of key proinflammatory cytokine TNF- and increased the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-, which was consistent with previous report [15]. Furthermore, application of polysaccharide remarkably suppressed the expression of MIP-1 and MCP-1, the major cytokines that regulate migration and infiltration of monocytes/macrophages, indicating that polysaccharide functioned through regulation of critical inflammation related cytokines as well as suppression of leukocytes infiltration. It was reported that application of MSCs increased IL-10 and TGF-, and reduced IL-2 and IFN- in the damaged cornea, which was accompanied by significantly improved clinical outcomes [36]. MSCs inhibited macrophage infiltration by suppressing the expression of the macrophage chemokine MIP-1[20] and the proinflammatory cytokine TNF- production by macrophages [37]. Consistently, our study proved that the application of MSCs increased TGF-, and reduced the expression of TNF-, MIP-1 and MCP-1 in alkali injured corneas. When polysaccharide and MSCs were applied in conjunction, a greater magnitude of change in these parameters was observed, underpinning their additive effect on inflammation suppression. The preservation of an avascular corneal stroma depends on the balance of pro and anti-angiogenic factors [380]. Our study indicates that the ability of polysaccharide and MSCs therapy to inhibit neovascularization is mediated (at least in part) by their suppression of VEGF and MMP-2 expression. As an inhibitor of VEGF and MMP2 expression, TSP-1 was additively up-regulated by polysaccharide and MSCs, which might counteract with VEGF and MMP2 to restore anti-angiogenic balance on the cornea [41,42]. Polysaccharide hydrogels have become attractive focus for clinical applications in recent years due to their efficacy and cost-efficiency in comparison to other therapies. Topical VEGF inhibitors are safe and effective inhibitors of corneal neovascularization [43], however their cost implies financial burden to patients. Therefore, polysaccharide may9208141 provide an inexpensive alternative to such treatments. Furthermore, polysaccharide may also serve as a vehicle for drug delivery, facilitating localized administration and greater control of tissue concentrations. Although challenges remain in the clinical application of MSC 
therapy the field continues to advance. Problems of immunorejection, for example may be addressed by autotransplantation. In summary, this study provides evidence that Hardy Orchid derived polysaccharide and MSCs are safe and effective treatments for corneal alkali burns and that their benefits are additive when used in combination.